Marine biotechnology refers to the use of biotechnology tools on marine resources. It utilizes resources from aquatic living organisms to create new commercially viable applications or products. Marine biotechnology has demonstrated its potential in a wide range of applications from biomedicine to the environment. Commercial applications of marine biotechnology include enhancing the production of marine organisms, bio-prospecting, creation of new products, as well as developing biosensors and diagnostics. The goal of current marine biotechnology research is to develop new methods and tools that will improve the economically and environmentally viable industrial production of compounds derived from marine sources. This book unfolds the current research in marine biotechnology, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. Most of the topics introduced herein cover new techniques and the applications of this area of biotechnology. The book aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.