Brain augmentation encompasses the various approaches which seek to supplement the functioning of the brain. Enhancements in the brain can be done using pharmacological methods or through neurostimulation. Techniques to exercise the brain through modern technologies such as virtual reality can be used to improve the functionality of the brain. Some of the major concepts which lie behind the modern approaches to augmenting brain function are decrypting information from the brain activity and utilizing this information for other purposes, and stimulating the brain through electrical or pharmacological means. A futuristic extension of this approach is a vision that in the future, brain-to-brain communication and immortality of consciousness can be achieved. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the augmentation of brain function. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the modern approaches within this area of study. This book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.