Dialysis is a process of the removal of excess water, toxins and solutes from the blood in those people whose kidneys are not able to function naturally. It is also known as renal replacement therapy. Dialysis is needed when there is a sudden and rapid loss of kidney function termed as acute kidney injury or when chronic kidney disease reaches stage 5. It is a permanent measure in those for whom a kidney transplant is not possible and a temporary measure in those who have acute kidney injury or awaiting kidney transplant. This book unravels the recent studies related to the principles and practice of dialysis. It will also provide interesting topics for research which interested readers can take up. This book is a resource guide for experts as well as students.