Chronic Kidney Disease: A Practical Guide to Detection and Management

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a kidney disease in which the kidney gradually loses its function. It exhibits no specific symptoms at the outset, and is generally detected with an increase in protein or serum creatinine in the urine. The loss of kidney function results in fluid overload, thereby increasing the risks of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Various other changes start to occur in the body, such as potassium accumulation in blood, urea accumulation, anemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, etc. CKD is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The prognosis is worsened when both are present in the body. High blood pressure, glomerulonephritis and diabetes mellitus are common causes of CKD. The diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is based on an examination of medical history, presenting symptoms, urine dipstick and serum creatinine levels. Renal ultrasonography aids both in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. The chief objective of a treatment strategy for CKD is to halt or slow the progression of the disease. Blood pressure is controlled, and a low-salt and low-protein diet is recommended. In severe stage of the disease, renal replacement therapy is usually required in the form of a kidney transplant or dialysis. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches in the detection and management of chronic kidney disease. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this condition have been included herein. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this condition as well as for experts.