The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), is a U.S. government corporation, which was established in 2004 to provide aid to developing countries that have demonstrated a commitment to ruling justly, encouraging economic freedom, and investing in people. To help developing countries reduce poverty and stimulate economic growth, the MCC has approved 26 bilateral compact agreements totalling about $9.3 billion. In the seven compacts that ended in 2010 and 2011, Honduras, Cape Verde, Nicaragua, Vauatu, Georgia, Armenia, and Benin; transportation infrastructure projects generally received about 50 percent of the compact’s total funding. To measure the results of its compacts, MCC sets targets for various performance indicators, such as number of kilometres paved or volume of merchandise passing through a port, and estimates the number of beneficiaries. This book examines the extent to which MCC has, for transportation infrastructure projects, achieved expected performance targets, and consistently estimated the numbers of beneficiaries.