Ruba'iyat of Hakim ‘Umar Khayyam: Selected Quatrains of Khayyam Translated into Simple English with Spiritual Interpretation

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It is often said, quite appropriately, that Khayyam was the poet of fate. It would be a mistake, however, to call him a fatalist, at least according to our common understanding of this word. Scholars seeking to categorize his Ruba'iyat can themselves be grouped into two major schools of thought. The first claims that he was highly influenced by Islamic mysticism, particularly Sufism, and that his references to wine and lovers are allegorical representations of mystical wine and divine love. A second school of thought rejects this view, claiming that Khayyam’s references to wine and lovers are very literal and sensual.