Two combat-related conditions that affect some veterans who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan and that have generated widespread concern among policymakers are post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). This book explores the clinical care that the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the health care system within the Department of Veterans Affairs, provides for recent combat veterans; VHA’s co-ordination with the Department of Defense for the care of service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan; the prevalence of PTSD and TBI among veterans of those conflicts and the occurrence of those conditions among recent combat veterans using VHA’s services; and the costs to VHA of providing care and management to recent combat veterans for these conditions.