Biodiversity encompasses genes, species, ecosystems and their relative abundance. International awareness of the need to conserve biodiversity has been growing steadily since the first Earth Summit in 1992. The development of ecological networks can connect the fragmented habitats of wild animals, stem biodiversity loss, and promote dispersal and genetic exchanges of wild species. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of biodiversity conservation including the theory and practice of ecological networks to conserve biodiversity; sustainable utilization and conservation of indigenous Western Cape medicinal plants; biodiversity change and sustainable development; biodiversity management in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest; and agricultural water management inside the North African oasis.