Consumers increasingly seek information on food labels to help them make healthy food choices, and they rely on federal agencies to ensure that such information is truthful. Food companies may use health- and/or nutrient-related claims on food labels to appeal to consumers, distinguish their products from their competitors’, and otherwise increase their sales. However, when those claims are false or misleading, consumers’ efforts to select healthy food may be undermined. This book provides an overview of FDA protocols to reassess its approach in detecting and protecting consumers from false or misleading claims on food labelling.