About half of the seafood imported into the U.S. comes from farmed fish (aquaculture). Fish grown in confined aquacultured areas can have bacterial infections, which may require farmers to use drugs like antibiotics. The residues of some drugs can cause cancer and antibiotic resistance. Additionally, the deliberate substitution or addition of harmful ingredients in food and drugs, specifically melamine in pet food and oversulfated chondroitin sulphate in the blood thinner heparin, have caused public health crises in recent years. This book examines the FDA’s efforts to improve oversight and protection of imported seafood; and focuses on enhancing efforts to detect and prevent economic adulteration of food and medical products that could affect the public health.