Nanotechnology has continuously evolved sharing with past technologies the same approaches to science policy, therefore, it is problematic to consider nanotechnology as a radical change in the development of technology. This book offers an overview of structure–property relationships, synthesis and purification, and potential applications of electrospun nanofibres and nanotubes. The collection of topics in this book aims to reflect the diversity of recent advances in nanotechnology with a broad perspective which will be useful for scientists as well as for graduate students and engineers.