The rapid spread of nanotechnology threatens to outpace knowledge about its attendant safety and health risks. As nanotechnology moves forward into all avenues of commerce, stakeholders from industry, academia, labour, occupational safety and health professions, and government must make a concerted effort to identify and characterise the human health hazards associated with Nanomaterials. The NIOSH continues to play an active role in this process. This book provides an overview of the NIOSH’s continuing oversight and strategic planning of nanotechnology research and guidance with regard to their safety and health effects.