It has now been 16 years since Israel and the PLO agreed to the 1993 Oslo Accord. Differences between the sides over core issues, such as borders, security, settlements, the status of Jerusalem, refugees, and water rights, have not been overcome, despite the third-party involvement of various international actors, the United States, in particular. This book explores the debate which continues over the proper U.S. approach to the peace process. Congress faces significant policy challenges both with its oversight of the Obama Administration’s formulation and implementation of policy; on matters such as foreign aid, security assistance, Israeli settlements, the role of Arab states and others.