This book presents current research in the study of neurologic disorders. Topics discussed include oxidative stress-mediated neurodegeneration; mechanisms of the motoneuron stress response and its relevance in neurodegeneration; genetics and molecular biology of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration; molecular imaging and Parkinson’s disease; mitochondrion selective antioxidants as drug treatments for Alzheimer’s disease; the role of vitamins in vascular dementia and biofluid protein biomarkers for the diagnosis of vascular dementia.