Mitosis is a dynamic and stochastic process that has evolved to accurately segregate the geneticmaterialintotwodaughtercells,therebypreventinggenomicinstabilityandthe developmentofdisease. Mitosisisaphenomenallycomplicatedprocessthatinvolvesh- dreds,ifnotthousands,ofproteincomponentsandregulatorystepsthatoperateinboth spaceandtimetodrivecelldivision. Modernmethodsmakeitpossibletoaskformechan- ticprinciplesunderlyingthisbewilderingcomplexity. Themainpurposeofthisvolumeis toprovideanup-to-datecollectionofmethodsandapproachesthatareusedtoinvestigate themechanismofmitosisatthemolecularlevel. Whilemanyofthesemethodsarefocused onmammaliancells,wehave,whereappropriate,includedchaptersusingmodelorg- isms. We hope to capture both current approaches and the future direction of method development,withcontributionsfrombothestablishedresearchersandemergingyoung scientists. Thisbookisdesignedwithtwogeneralgroupsofreadersinmind:First,graduates- dentsandpostdoctoralresearcherswhoarebeginningworkforthe?rsttimeinamitosis laboratory. Second,researcherswhoarealreadyworkinginthemitosis?eldwhorequire a resource for both established and newly developed methodologies. To achieve this, the organization of this book developed into three general areas: First, we cover me- ods that can be used to inactivate your gene of interest, or deplete proteins of interest (chapters1-3). Second,welearnaboutspeci?cbiochemicalandmicroscope-basedme- ods (chapters 4-9). Third, we discover approaches to monitor and measure key mitotic processes(chapters9-20). Giventhecomplexitiesofmitosis,itseemshighlyprobablethat suchacombinationofimaging,biochemicalandgeneticmethodologieswillbecrucialto ourfutureunderstandingofmitoticregulation. I would like to thank all of the authors for their enthusiasm and effort in putting togetherthissetofmethods,aswellasallthemembersofmylaboratoryforproofreading and correcting the chapters and especially Sarah McClelland who read all the chapters atleasttwiceatvariousstages. Finally,IwishtothankLyndyRasmusenforherhelpin administeringtheprojectandkeepingmeorganized. Andrew D. McAinsh v Contents Preface…v Contributors…ix 1 Knock-inandKnock-out:TheUseofReverseGeneticsinSomatic CellstoDissectMitoticPathways …1 AlexisR. Barr, DeborahZyssandFanniGergely 2 FunctionalDissectionofMitoticRegulatorsThroughGene TargetinginHumanSomaticCells…2 1 EliBerdougo, Marie-EmilieTerretandPrasadV. Jallepalli 3 RNAiinDrosophilaS2CellsasaToolforStudyingCell CycleProgression…39 Monica ‘ Bettencourt-DiasandGohtaGoshima 4 ProductionofMitoticRegulatorsUsinganAutoselectionSystem forProteinExpressioninBuddingYeast…63 MarcoGeymonat, AdonisSpanosandStevenSedgwick 5 HydrodynamicAnalysisofHumanKinetochoreComplexes DuringMitosis…81 SarahE. McClellandandAndrewD. McAinsh 6 IsolationofProteinComplexesInvolvedinMitosisandCytokinesis fromDrosophilaCulturedCells…99 PierPaoloD'Avino,VincentArchambault,MarcinR. Przewloka, WeiZhang,ErnestD. LaueandDavidM. Glover 7 AutomatedLiveMicroscopytoStudyMitoticGeneFunctionin FluorescentReporterCellLines …113 MichaelH. A. SchmitzandDanielW. Gerlich 8 ElectronTomographyofMicrotubuleEnd-Morphologies inC. elegansEmbryos…135 EileenO'TooleandThomasMuller-Reicher .. t 9 DissectingMitosiswithLaserMicrosurgeryandRNAi inDrosophilaCells…145 AntonioJ. Pereira,IrinaMatos,MarianaLince-Faria ’ andHelderMaiato 10 FluorescenceImagingoftheCentrosomeCycleinMammalianCells …165 SuzannaL. ProsserandAndrewM. Fry vii viii Contents 11 VisualizationofFluorescence-TaggedProteinsinFissionYeast:The AnalysisofMitoticSpindleDynamicsUsingGFP-Tubulin UndertheNativePromoter…185 MasamitsuSato, MikaToyaandTakashiToda 12 AnalysingKinetochoreFunctioninHumanCells:Spindle CheckpointandChromosomeCongression…205 ChristianeKlebig,AlbertoToso,SatyarebalaBorusu andPatrickMeraldi 13 ProbingKinetochoreStructureandFunctionUsingXenopuslaevis FrogEggExtracts…221 MichaelJ. EmanueleandP.
