This comprehensive guide for the more than 4 million women each year who experience abnormal Pap smears discusses the relationship of cervical cancer to infection by the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) and underscores how crucial Pap smears are for cervical cancer prevention. The book covers the meaning of different Pap-smear diagnoses, ranging from atypical to full-blown cervical cancer. Simple and clear line drawings illustrate pertinent female anatomy and normal-to-abnormal cell changes. Since sub-optimal tests can produce misleading results, tips are provided to help women improve their chances of receiving the most accurate Pap smear.This updated edition details the most recent developments in HPV testing, as well as the new liquid-based Pap test. Lastly, the future of Pap smears and cervical-cancer prevention is explored, with special emphasis on the recently approved HPV vaccine. Vital to the book are interspersed personal interviews, which provide firsthand information on women’s feelings about their abnormal Pap smears as well as their experiences with cervical disease. These personal vignettes offer insights into the social and emotional effects that often result from an abnormal Pap smear. The first edition was chosen by Nurse Practitioner and Library Journal as one of the best books of the year. Now fully updated, this clearly written, very approachable guide fills a vital consumer-health need.