This is the first translation into modern English of the complete corpus of Julian’s Against the Galileans and related writings. It not only puts the work of the philosopher-emperor into historical perspective, but also offers important insights into the waning days of pagan philosophy and the growth of the Christian church against the background of intellectual and religious opposition. The work is essential reading for anyone interested in the religions of late antiquity, the growth of the Christian church, and the final phase of the conflict between paganism and Christian teaching.