This brilliant and engaging critical encounter between Jean-Franiois Lyotard and Eberhard Gruber has as its focus a single punctuation mark-the hyphen connecting ‘Jew’ and ‘Christian’ in the expression ‘Judeo-Christian’. While focusing on the nature, meaning, and function of this hyphen, the authors are able to analyse many of the essential differences between Judaism and Christianity, as well as the most significant historical and political consequences of these differences from the Roman Empire to the Shoah. Beginning with a reading of the Letters of Paul, they contrast the Jewish and Christian positions on a variety of issues ranging from emancipation, history, sacrifice, incarnation, faith, law, and sexual difference to the value that is accorded reading, writing, and interpretation within these two traditions.