Biological aging and interventionary strategies are investigated with the eventual goal of extending healthy human lifespan and minimizing the incidence of diseases associated with aging. Biogerontologists, evolutionary biologists, biodemographers, scientists in related basic research, clinicians, and dieticians came together in Istanbul, Turkey, to share their research and discuss the latest developments in this rapidly advancing field. This volume presents chapters representative of the highlights of the meeting, including contributions in the following areas: biological and nonbiological factors affecting lifespan and the quality of life; ethical and social issues related to lifespan and health-span extension; novel areas of understanding aging - physiological, cellular, and molecular aspects; new technologies to understand and modulate aging; the latest successful approaches in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases; and aging intervention, prevention, and modulation by genes, natural and synthetic molecules, and lifestyle modifications.