This is the first book in English on the German playwright Johannes Schlaf (1862-1941), whose involvement in ‘consistent realism’ and modern theatre in the 1890s provides an insight into the origins and development of German naturalist drama. Schlaf’s main contributions to this movement were with Die Familie Selicke (1890), on which he collaborated with Arno Holz, and Meister Oelze (1892), works which show his innovative talents. The author considers these works in the context of the experimental prose sketches which Schlaf worked on with Holz after 1888, and of the realist and naturalist dramas of Hebbel, Ibsen, Hauptmann, and Sudermann; he brings out their growing concern with trapped women and victimised children, as well as their critical focus on the problems of traditional poetry.