This book offers a comparative study on the literary configurations of nation-state identity in the works of the contemporaneous Halide Edib Adivar and Lady Augusta Gregory, specifically focusing on their roles as social reformists, female activists, and anti-imperialists through the components of national identity such as gender, language and transnational exchanges. It exposes the critical stance adopted by Lady Gregory and Halide Edib against British imperialism, and questions if these writers exhibit a local or international outlook of anti-imperialism. It is the first comparative study on Lady Gregory and Halide Edib, and explores how their anti-imperial stances shaped or influenced their sense of national identity. It will allow the reader to reach a unique evaluation of the literary works of these two writers with different cultural backgrounds but similar national ideals.