These theological paradoxes … have been deduced well or poorly from St. Paul, the especially chosen vessel and instrument of Christ, and also from St. Augustine, his most trustworthy interpreter. These are some of Martin Luther’s words that introduce his Heidelberg Disputation (1518), a collection of doctrinal theses that serves as a manifesto of Luther’s theology. The German Reformer claimed that his theses were a faithful exposition not only of Pauline theology, but also of Augustine’s doctrine of salvation. Luther’s Augustinian Theology of the Cross is an unprecedented commentary of Luther’s Heidelberg Disputation. Through a wide range of Augustinian texts, the author shows the accuracy of Luther’s claim. Moreover, the work offers some original considerations that are of interest to both theology and philosophy. In the year of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, this volume is a lively and stimulating addition to the debate about the relationship between Augustine’s soteriology and the theology of the Reformation.