The Boston Police Department was formed by a man who had twice failed in business, ran a bar in the poorest district of Boston, and was charged with two assaults. When Francis Tukey became City Marshal in 1846, he faced off against some of the most notorious criminals of the time. Under Tukey’s leadership, the police were known for their coordinated descents on gamblers, rumrunners and prostitutes.

This text aims to recount and tell the story of Francis Tukey and the formation of the Boston Police Department, featuring many of the department’s earliest cases and crises. Significant tales include the conflict following the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, when Tukey and his officers avoided enforcing the law, even helping enslaved people further escape. Also covered are the department’s dealings with Irish refugees and the Cholera epidemic of 1849.