Primary Batteries is a book written by Henry Smith Carhart in 1891, which provides a comprehensive overview of the science and technology of primary batteries. The book covers the history of primary batteries, the principles of electrochemistry, the construction and operation of various types of primary batteries, and the factors that affect their performance. The author begins by introducing the basic concepts of electrochemistry, including the nature of electric current, the principles of electrolysis, and the laws governing the behavior of electrolytic cells. He then goes on to describe the different types of primary batteries, including voltaic cells, Daniell cells, Grove cells, and Leclanch????? cells, among others. Carhart also discusses the materials used in primary batteries, such as zinc, copper, carbon, and various electrolytes, and explains how these materials interact to produce electrical energy. He also covers topics such as battery capacity, internal resistance, polarization, and the effects of temperature on battery performance. In addition to the technical aspects of primary batteries, Carhart also explores the practical applications of these devices, such as in telegraphy, telephony, and electric lighting. He discusses the advantages and disadvantages of primary batteries compared to other sources of electrical energy, such as secondary batteries and generators. Overall, Primary Batteries is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and science of primary batteries, as well as for engineers and scientists working in the field of electrochemistry.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.