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This work presents in detail state-of-the-art analog circuit techniques for the very low-voltage and low-power design of systems-on-chip in CMOS technologies. The proposed strategy is mainly based on two bases: the Instantaneous Log Companding Theory, and the MOSFET operating in the subthreshold region. The former allows inner compression of the voltage dynamic-range for very low-voltage operation, while the latter is compatible with CMOS technologies and suitable for low-power circuits. The required background on the specific modelling of the MOS transistor for Companding is supplied at the beginning. Following this general approach, a complete set of CMOS basic building blocks are proposed and analysed for a wide variety of analog signal processing. In particular, the covered areas include: amplification and AGC, arbitrary filtering, PTAT generation, and pulse duration modulation (PDM). For each topic, several case studies are considered to illustrate the design methodology. Also, integrated examples in 1.2mm and 0.35mm CMOS technologies are reported to verify the good agreement between design equations and experimental data. The resulting analog circuit topologies exhibit very low-voltage (1V) and low-power (few tenths of mA) capabilities. Apart from these specific design examples, a real industrial application in the field of hearing aids is also presented as the main demonstrator of all the proposed basic building blocks. This system-on-chip exhibits true 1V operation, high flexibility through digital programmability and very low-power consumption (about 300mA including the Class-D amplifier). As a result, the reported ASIC can meet the specifications of a complete family of common hearing aid models. In conclusion, this book is addressed to both, industry ASIC designers who can apply its contents to the synthesis of very low-power systems-on-chip in standard CMOS technologies, as well as to the teachers of modern circuit design in electronic engineering.
