This collection, with essays by Graham H. Bird, Jaakko Hintikka, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Jan Wolenski, should interest graduate students of the philosophy of language and logic, as well as professional philosophers, historians of analytic philosophy, and philosophically inclined logicians. The text brings together 11 essays that offer a wealth of insights on a number of Carnap’s concerns and ideas. The volume arose out of a symposium on Carnap’s work at an international conference held in Vienna in 2001. The essays are written from a variety of perspectives: some essays aim at rebutting influential criticisms directed at Carnap’s views; others examine and assess his thought in the light of recent developments in the neurosciences; still others are historical and describe the development of Carnap’s thought; but they all shed light on the relation of this thought and different philosophical traditions. These essays form a collection that should prove a valuable resource for our understanding of the historic Carnap and the living philosophical issues with which he grappled.