This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1916 Excerpt: …a stationary wheel attached to the inner cup. T is the thermometer. The record of an experiment is as follows: Thermal.–Mass of water in cup 25 grams Water equivalent of apparatus 16.3 grams Total mass of water 41.3 grams Temperature rise with correction for radiation… 11.33 Calories developed 467. 93 Mechanical.–Mass of suspended weight 225 grams.Circumference of wheel W 0.81 meters Number of revolutions 1097 Work per revolution = m X circum. = gram-meters = 182.25 Total work done 199,929 gram-meters Work per calorie = 425.6 gram-meters =… 41,668,300 ergs. Working with water at about 15, Rowland obtained the value 4.187 X 107 ergs, or 427.2 gram-meters. This value may be reduced to the British thermal unit and English units as follows: Lb. per kg. in Gram per kg. Gram-meters Cm. per meter the wt. of water Deg. C. per 427.0 X 100 X 2.2 X 1000 X 5 2.54 X 12 X 1000 X 2.2 X 9 Cm. per in. In. per ft. Gram per kg. Lb. per kg. of Deg. F. of the wt. water = about 778 ft.-lb. to heat 1 lb. of water 1F. It is interesting to note that Joule’s value was 772 ft.-lb. Rowland’s corrections consisted in reducing the temperatures to the reading of the air-thermometer, giving g its value for the latitude of Baltimore, and allowing for the change in the specific heat of water with change of temperature. Heat Engines Carnot’s Cycle.–Let H in Fig. 147 be a hot body, C a cold body and B a non-conducting base or end for the cylinder. Let this cylinder be filled with a gas below its piston. 1. Let the cylinder be placed on H, which will maintain the temperature of the gas at, say, r2, and let the gas expand isothermally. Starting with point a, the work so done by the gas is represented by the area dbb'a’. 2. Let the cylinder be placed on B and the gas allowed to expand adi…