This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1845 Excerpt: …Lichenum: Apothecia nucleo ascigero, raro primitus pulveraceo-collapso. Thallus strato infra corticate discrete Byssacearum: Apothecia ascigera, raro in ascos dissoluta. Thalli strata, corticale et medullare, confusa. Fucacearum: Apothecia e thallo formata, sporidiis peridiolis aut muco involutis. Thalli stratum exterius, haud discretum, corticans, gonidiis sparsis. Ulvacearum: Apothecia et sporidia nulla. Thallus absque stratis dissimillibus et discretis, gonidiis sparsis, sporidiorum vicibus fungentibus. Character Typicus Lichenum: Stirpes radice (cellulis fistulosis), trunco (lepra) et foliis (gonidiis) in unum corpus corticatum confusis, sed in stratis discretis, fructificatione metamorphosi simplici enata. Byssacearum: Stirpes radice trunco et foliis cum strato corticali confusis, nullis stratis discretis; fructificatione simplici metamorphosi enata. Fucacearum: Stirpes radice et foliis in corpus truncosum aut 1 Fucaceae and Ulvacece are used by Fries sensu tatiori, to indicate the two great sections of Aquatic Alpse. They correspond, respectively to the Ascophyese, and Gongylophycse of Keichenbach. frondosum confusis, strato corticali nullo, Bed extus compactiores et epidermidi vulgo tectse, fructificatione metamorphosi simplici enata. Ulvacearum: Stirpes radice et foliis in unura corpus homogeneum et similare confusis; metamorphosi ad sporidia formanda nulla.1 The place of Lichenes in the System, and their relations to other Thallophytal plants, as well as their more essential relations to other sections of Algse, being thus indicated, it is next in order to describe their production, development, and the formation of their fructificative organs. Auctores: –Fries, Lichenogr. prsel. i.; Id. PL Scan.; Endlicher, Gen. PL 1.1. I. Genesis. Original or equ..