""Cross Upon Cross: The Life of Pope Pius IX"" is a biography written by Francis Beauchesne Thornton. The book chronicles the life and papacy of Pope Pius IX, who served as the head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. The book explores Pius IX's early life, his rise to the papacy, and his many challenges and triumphs during his time as pope. Thornton delves into Pius IX's efforts to modernize the church, his conflicts with various European governments, and his role in the First Vatican Council, where he defined the doctrine of papal infallibility. The book also examines Pius IX's relationship with the wider world, including his interactions with other religious leaders, his efforts to promote Catholicism around the globe, and his impact on the political and social landscape of the 19th century. Overall, ""Cross Upon Cross"" provides a comprehensive and engaging portrait of one of the most influential popes in history.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.