English Works: Toxophilus. Report of the Affaires and State of Germany. The Scholemaster

The Tudor writer Roger Ascham (c.1514-1568) was royal tutor to Princess Elizabeth. Ascham is best known for his works Toxophilus (1545) and The Scholemaster (1570) which were edited, together with his Report of the Affairs and State of Germany (1570), by the renowned literary scholar William Aldis Wright (1831-1914) and published in 1904 as part of the Cambridge English Classics series. Toxophilus, a Ciceronian dialogue between Philologus (the lover of study) and Toxophilus (the lover of the bow), articulates the importance of physical training to a gentleman’s education. The Scholemaster, which was published posthumously, consists of two books. The first describes the character and teaching methods of the ideal tutor and the second advocates teaching languages by double translation. Ascham’s English prose came to be seen as a model for how classical principles of form and organisation could be applied to the vernacular.