The global burden of neurological infectious diseases is huge. Sometimes the diagnosis is straightforward. On other occasions it may be difficult, especially because of the overlap with inflammatory neurological conditions. Delays or missed diagnoses can have devastating consequences for patients. This book brings together adult and pediatric clinical cases in neurological infection and inflammation, including important conditions for both developed countries and resource-poor settings. Clinical case studies are recognized as a useful learning tool for clinicians at all stages in their careers. Each real case works through the history, examination, and investigation findings to the diagnosis and treatment pathway. This is followed by discussion of the key issues, with the inclusion of historical or quirky facts. Many cases are supported online by a certified post-case quiz, testing the reader’s clinical reasoning, integrative thinking, and problem-solving.