St. Irenaeus, the bishop of Lyon, France wrote Against Heresies in 180 AD. It is a collected work made up of 5 books, in which Irenaeus examines the many schools of Gnostic thought of his day, in addition to various heretical Christian sects. He contrasts these with the orthodoxy of Christianity. This version of the work contains the first three books, which, before the discovery of the Nag Hammadi Library, were the best surviving description of Gnosticism. The early authorship of the document gives a rare window into the doctrine of the early church, and what scriptures were considered genuine. This work is drawn from The writings of Irenaeus Edinburgh, Clark, 1911, by Irenaeus, Alexander Roberts (1826-1901) and W. H. Rambaut (1822-1893), and includes the original footnotes along with illustrations of the people and events referred to in the text.