The book describes state-of-the-art advances in simulators and emulators for quantum computing. It reviews customizable and adaptive hardware designs of quantum processors for implementing in field programmable gate arrays to aid the host traditional processor in accelerating some computations and executing quantum algorithms. The book describes recent related works in the literature about the subject.
The book introduces the main characteristics of quantum computing and gives illustrated examples for each and every one of the basic concepts that build the foundations of quantum computing. It defines the indivisible piece information that substitutes the traditional bit in the well-known classical computing paradigm. It explains and exemplifies the parallelism behind any quantum-related computation and describes the process of quantum information sampling also known as measurement of the quantum state of information. The book explains the process of quantum bit entanglement, collapsed state as well as the process of information cloning in contrast of information copying in the traditional computing paradigm. It reviews the concept of quantum operators and define the main operation of tensor product, which is behind almost all quantum information manipulation. The book presents existing unitary, binary and ternary quantum operators as well as the computation implied by each operator, and also explain that although the tensor product is not an end calculation in a quantum operation, it has significant importance due to the overall number of multiplications with complex numbers that it requires. It is proven that this number increases exponentially with the number of quantum bits involved in the quantum state. If not handled efficiently, it would require a lot of memory space, which makes the design emulating a quantum processor quite expensive to produce. The book provides details of the quantum processor and provides a design proposal together with the micro-architecture all included functional unit, including the calculation and control unit as well as the different type of memories required to bookkeeping and handling and measuring the quantum information state. The proposed design is validated via execution simulation of the main quantum instructions.
