This four-volume set is an English translation for the first time of a Chinese linguistics classic on modern Chinese grammar by WANG Li, one of the most distinguished Chinese linguists. Based on the corpus of two classic Chinese novels, the book describes the various linguistic patterns of modern Chinese grammar, encompassing syntax, lexis and the Western influence on modern Chinese. As a groundbreaking work of modern Chinese linguistics, the book highlights the special linguistic qualities of Chinese language, contrasting with those of Indo-European languages. These are embodied by the structure of book with a strong focus put on the syntax and a short yet reasonable length for lexis. It also examines the influence of Western languages on Mandarin Chinese, giving insights into the cultural and diachronic aspects of Chinese language. The author offered one of the first attempts in applying the ideas of Otto Jespersen and Leonard Bloomfield to the description of modern Chinese grammar and further developed their theory. The book is a must read for both Chinese language learners as well as researchers and students studying Chinese linguistics and modern Chinese grammar.