This book, first published in 1932, demonstrates how the control of certain '-isms' has for long moulded the interpretation of Indian belief and ritual by Western writers particularly. In every chapter there is some new coordination, often iconoclastic of then-accepted theory, whilst the new wealth of customs carefully recorded is astonishing. Long disputed problems such as that of the Maratha 'devak', or that of the ceremonial sowing of seedlings known to Western scholars as the 'gardens of Adonis', have at last been settled through careful research.