In author’s previous book India before Alexander: A New chronology a new identity for Devanampriya Priyadarshi was proposed, which opened the door for developing a new chronological framework for the Indian history. Subsequently, a new chronology was developed for the period spanning from the time of Buddha to the invasion of India by Alexander. In this book, the chronological reconstruction of the Indian history is continued beginning from the invasion of India by Alexander. A proper understanding of the various eras used in ancient India is developed and for the first time the correct starting dates of the Nanda era, the Malava era, the Imperial Gupta era, and the Shudraka era are proposed. Focus of the book then shifts to establishing the historicity of Emperor Vikramaditya. For this purpose the scientific meaning of the legend of Vikramaditya is revealed and different stories of the historical Vikramadityas are attributed to the respective Vikramadityas, Samudragupta, Chandragupta II, Skandagupta and Yashodharma. It is then proposed that the Vikrama era was instituted to commemorate the death of Emperor Yashodharma Vishnuvardhana Vikramaditya in 57 BCE.