This is the first-ever English edition of the naturalist Martin Lister’s Tractatus de Araneis, written in Latin and published in 1678. A founder member of the Royal Society and a friend and regular correspondent of his well-known contemporary, John Ray, Lister was highly regarded in his own day and cited by Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae (1758). With the demise of Latin as the language of science, and the ability to read it, so his pioneering contribution to British arachnology has been either overlooked or discounted and he has faded into relative obscurity.