In the fall of 2004, scientists from Chicago’s Field Museum conducted a biological inventory in the forests of the Comunidad Nativa Matses in the northeastern region of the Peruvian Amazon. This assessment, presented in English, Spanish, and Matses, collects their research on the plant and animal ecology of the Amazon, includes a brief history of the region and the indigenous Matses people, and concludes with recommendations for the region’s long-term management.