This volume brings together the most important elements of the genius of W. E. B. DuBois, Harvard’s first African-American graduate and arguably the father of American sociology as well as the premier twentieth-century intellectual activist. The range of essays discuss DuBois’s breadth of genius as an essayist, novelist, sociologist, philosopher, cultural critic, African historian, historian of African religions, Pan-African activist, and philosopher. Many of the essays offer new research. Internationally recognized experts in their fields contribute ground-breaking revaluations that will direct further research agendas in Du Bois studies. This collection is framed by the problem of religion and echoes DuBois’s 1903 claim that the problem of the twentieth century would be the problem of the color line. In 2006, the claim is that the problem of the twenty-first century will be the problem of the religious color line.