This report is one of five volumes providing detailed information on the QA Tools, RAND’s comprehensive, clinically based system for assessing quality of care for children and adults. The QA Tools indicators encompass screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in 46 clinical areas and cover a variety of modes of providing care, including history, physical examination, laboratory study, medication, and other interventions and contacts. Development of each indicator was based on the ratings of a panel of experts in the relevant fields and on a focused review of the scientific literature, which is clearly documented for each clinical condition. This volume focuses on indicators for care of children and adolescents. Each chapter summarizes the results of the literature review for a particular condition, provides RAND staff’s recommended indicators based on that review, and lists the cited studies. In addition, this work details the process by which the expert panel evaluated the indicators and the final disposition of each indicator. Clinical conditions covered in this volume are: Acne, preventive services, allergic rhinitis, asthma, attention deficit disorder, cesarean delivery, depression, developmental screening, diabetes mellitus, acute diarrheal disease, family planning/contraception, fever without source of infection in children under 3 years of age, headache, immunizations, otitis media, acute otitis media, prenatal care, sickle cell screening, tuberculosis, upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, vaginitis and sexually transmitted diseases, well child care. Other RAND Health titles on the QA Tools system focus on indicators for general medicine, oncology and HIV, cardiopulmonary conditions, and women.