During the past three decades, the use of statistical methods in the health sciences has become quite common, and many sophisticated methods have been developed for specific applications and problems. Presented in this work are chapters covering a broad range of recent advances of statistical methods in the health sciences written by internationally renowned experts. The volume is thematically classified into different areas of the health sciences according to the particular focus of the chapters. Specific topics covered include stochastic models in cancer and AIDS studies, statistical methods in genome sequence analysis, bioequivalence studies, randomized clinical trial designs, survival analysis and applications, and statistical methods in quality-of-life. Some chapters are reviews of active research, while others highlight recent developments, new methods, and practical real-world data. This comprehensive reference text will serve the health sciences community, as well as practitioners, researchers, and graduate students in applied probability and biostatistics.