This work investigates the relationships between education and national development in an area of the world where both have acquired considerable importance. It questions assumptions which view education primarily as a direct investment in human capital and approaches which measure the efficiency of educational provision solely in terms of quantifiable differences between inputs and outputs. It does not set out either to confirm or to refute a particular theory. Instead, the main perspectives which have been adopted to explain the role of education in East Asia, including Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia, Macau, and the People’s Republic of China, is examined. These societies are compared in order to highlight the diverse and complex role played by education in their development.