During the period covered by this volume, James Madison continued to deal with the United States’ vexing relations with Europe. While firmly rejecting Britain’s maritime policy in his Examination of the British Doctrine, released in early January 1806 and published here for the first time with annotations, Madison, along with President Thomas Jefferson, actively promoted negotiations with the British government for an amicable settlement of these matters. Other problems such as border incursions between Spanish and American citizens, attacks by French and Spanish privateers, and the overreaching demands of the Tunisian ambassador as conditions for peace with his country also engaged Madison’s attention. Included in the volume are identifications of relevant individuals and a comprehensive index.