Taking Freud’s seminal essay A Childhood Memory of Leonardo da Vinci as his starting point and opposite, Hubert Damisch uses the preposition ‘by’ instead of ‘of’ in the title of his book to indicate that he is searching for a way of doing psychoanalysis with art that does not amount to psychobiography. The book is in some respects a parody of Freud’s work on art. The return to Freud was necessary because work in psychoanalysis and art has not solved the problem of what is being analyzed. Damisch studies Piero della Francesca’s painting Madonna del Parto as a construction by the artist of what viewers throughout history may have pursued on the basis of their unconscious fantasies involving what Freud considered the most characteristic question of human beings: where do children come from, and how did they get there?