In the early 1890 s, an armed rebellion fueled by religious fervor erupted over a wide area of northwestern Mexico. At the center of the outburst were a few hundred farmers from the village of Tomochic and a teenage folk saint named Teresa, who was ministering to thousands of people throughout the area. When the villagers proclaimed, We will obey no one but God!, the Mexican government exiled Santa Teresa to the United States and trained its guns and bayonets on the farmers. A bloody confrontation ensued God against government that is still remembered in song, literature, films, and civic celebrations. The tangled roots of the conflict reach into Mexico s Indian past, stretch through its colonial experience, embrace the peculiar temperament of its Northerners, and encompass the ambitious program of rapid modernization launched by the government at the end of the nineteenth century. The government and its supporters had one vision of what they wanted Mexico to be; many villagers had a different view of what was right for them. Tomochic was split along fissures that had long marked local society, with religious dissenters reveling in the inspiration of Santa Teresa while others stood aside to await the government s resolution of the upheaval.