Examining the impact of globalization on frontier cities, and how various frontier cities in different regions have responded to these forces, this volume includes a number of theoretical chapters exploring various aspects of global change, including the economic, spatial and geopolitical dimensions. A longer section includes a number of case studies of frontier cities that have adapted to these changes. A number of countries as well as city types, from small towns to frontier metropolises, are examined, providing a broad overview of developmental alternatives. Emphasis is placed on the importance of initiatives from below, that is, efforts that do not depend on the planning and budgetary resources of national governments, since these are generally no longer forthcoming in an era of government down-sizing.