The focus of the 22nd Annual Detroit Cancer Symposium was the presentation and discussion of cytotoxic agents, with a significant portion of the symposium including the frontiers of drug discovery being explored by the National Cooperative Drug Discovery Groups (NCDDG) Program. The symposium brought together investigators from government, universities and pharmaceutical companies involved in the discovery and development of new anticancer agents. New leads were presented and the status of others presently under development was discussed. Of particular significance has been the initiation of renewed efforts in the area of natural product drug discovery, where the discovery of new cytotoxics is very promising at the moment. A number of major changes have occurred during the last decade in research on drug discovery of cytotoxic agents. Critical reviews of a number of the models and concepts underlying drug discovery represented a continuous thread throughout the meeting, being constantly discussed in terms of their advantages, disadvantages and capabilities of discovering solid tumour active anticancer agents. A recent development which portends to great discoveries is the new relationship formed between Government, University and Industry. The NCDDG mechanism which stimulates this interaction is an inexpensive manner to greatly magnify the drug discovery and development effort nationally. Cytotoxic Anticancer Drugs: Models and Concepts for Drug Discovery and Development represents a forum for these three different components in the equation to regularly discuss new results and ideas.