Based on a detailed analysis of 21,000 pages of primary works including numerous biographies, this book presents that author’s formulations of the objectives, strategies, and tactics of eight African-American and African activists_Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Du Bois, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela, and Archbishop Desmond Tutu. As seen in the New York Times Book Review section.