Dissolution: Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet Union

In December 1991, the Soviet Union passed into history as a legal entity, breaking apart into 15 successor states. This book explains why. Walker argues against much of the conventional wisdom and scholarly literature on the break-up, which emphasizes what he calls the demand side of the problem, or the role or nationalist mobilization and the rise of separatist aspirations in the USSR’s union republics. He points out that support for dissolution was limited to a handful of republics that included only a small portion of the Soviet population. Instead, the author highlights the critical role played by the USSR’s ethno-federal system, as well as the normative claims and legitimizing myths of Soviet nationality policy. These institutions and myths empowered the anti-union opposition even in those union republics where they had limited support, and they help account for the highly ineffective strategy that Gorbachev adopted to overcome the USSR’s nationality crisis . Walker also shows how confusion over the meaning of some of the key terms of Soviet political discourse during perestroika- particularly sovereignty but also union , federation , confederation and independence - contributed to a fog of war that helped bring about the full disintegration of the USSR, an outcome that surprisingly few desired.