This innovative volume presents an account of Nietzsche’s claims about noble, life-affirming ways of life, analyzes the source of such claims, and explores the political vision that springs from them. Kirkland elucidates the meaning of Nietzsche’s remarks about life-affirmation through an examination of his rhetorical identification with values, such as honesty, that he ultimately seeks to overcome. The book includes an extended treatment of the meaning and implications of Nietzsche’s doctrine of eternal return, which uncovers how this element of his philosophy challenges both ungrounded metaphysical oppositions and reductionist accounts of human life. The result is an illuminating discussion of how through his philosophical confrontation with modernity Nietzsche aims to move his readers toward a noble embrace of life.